What is IBM Full Form ?

International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, with offices in more than 171 countries. The company was founded in 1911 in Endicott, New York by trustee Charles Ranlett Flint as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed International Business Machines in 1924. IBM was founded in New York.

IBM is also a major research organization that holds the record for most U.S. patents generated annually by a company (as of 2020) for 28 consecutive years.

IBM inventions include automated teller machines (ATMs), floppy disks, hard drives, magnetic stripe cards, relational databases, the SQL programming language, UPC barcodes, and dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The IBM mainframe, exemplified by System/360, was the dominant computing platform in the 1960's and 1970's.

IBM is one of the 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the largest employers in the world with more than 345,000 employees (as of 2020).

IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) in Endicott, New York and renamed International Business Machines in 1924. IBM is incorporated in New York and operates in more than 170 countries.

The 1880s saw the emergence of technologies that eventually became the core of International Business Machines (IBM). Julius E. Pietrap patented a computer scale in 1885; Alexander Day invented the dialer (1888); Hermann Hollerith (1860–1929) patented the electric tabulating machine; And Willard Bundy invented a time clock in 1889 to record an employee's arrival and departure times on paper strips. On June 16, 1911, Charles Ranlett Flint merged four of his companies into a fifth New York State company, Computing-Tabulating. The Recording Company (CTR) is headquartered in Endicott, New York.

They made machines for sale and rent ranging from commercial and industrial timers, meat and cheese slicers to tabulators and punch cards. Thomas J. Watson, Sr. was fired by John Henry Patterson of the National Cash Register Company named Flint and was offered a job with the CTR in 1914. Watson joined CTR as general manager and was named president 11 months later when court cases related to his time at NCR were settled. After learning of Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson awarded CTR companies the NCR seal. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an emphasis on well-dressed, dark-clad salespeople, and an evangelical zeal to instill company pride and loyalty in every employee". . His favorite catchphrase “Think” has become a mantra for employees of all companies. During Watson's first four years, revenues reached US$9 million (US$134 million today) and the company's operations expanded into dollarpe, South America, Asia and Australia. Watson never liked the awkward name "Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company" and on February 14, 1924 decided to replace it with the more elaborate title "International Business Machines", formerly named after CTR's Canadian division. . By 1933, most of the subsidiaries had merged into a single company, IBM.

The main building, called CHQ, is a 26,300 sq. ft. glass and stone building on 10 hectares of land that the company acquired on 432 acres in the mid-2000s in 1950. There are two other IBM buildings within walking distance from CHQ: the North Castle office, which used to be IBM's headquarters; and Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Center for Learning (formerly known as IBM Learning Center (ILC)), a 182-room resort hotel and training center with 31 meeting rooms and various facilities.

IBM operates in 174 countries as of 2016, with mobility centers in smaller market segments and main campuses in larger campuses. In New York City, IBM has several offices in addition to CHQ, including at IBM Watson's headquarters at Astor Place in Manhattan. Outside of New York, major US campuses include Aust in, Texas; Research Triangle Park (Raleigh-Durham), North Carolina; Rochester, Minnesota; and Silicon Valley, California.

IBM's real estate holdings are diverse and globally diversified. 1,250 ren in the towers of IBM E-Levesque (Montreal, Canada) and One Atlantic Center (Atlanta, Georgia, USA). In Beijing, China, IBM occupies Pangu Plaza, the city's seventh tallest building, overlooking Beijing National Stadium ("Bird's Nest"), site of the 2008 Summer Olympics.

IBM India Private Limited is IBM's Indian subsidiary, headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka. It has facilities in Ahmedabad, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Pune, Gurugram, Noida, Bhubaneswar, Surat, Coimbatore, Visakhapatnam, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Jamshedpur.

Other notable buildings include IBM Rome Software Lab (Rome, Italy), Hursley House (Winchester, United Kingdom), 330 North Wabash (Chicago, Illinois, United States), Cambridge Scientific Center (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), IBM Scientific Center (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) and the IBM Rome Software Lab. Toronto Software Laboratory (Toronto, Canada), IBM Building, Johannesburg (Johannesburg, South Africa), IBM Building (Seattle) (Seattle, Washington, USA) , IBM Hakozaki Facility (Tokyo, Japan), IBM Yamato Facility (Yamato, Japan) ) , IBM Canada Headquarters Building (Ontario, Canada) and Watson IoT Headquarters (Munich, Germany). Inactive IBM campuses include the IBM Somers Office Complex (Somers, New York) and Tour Descartes (Paris, France). The company's contributions to architecture and industrial design include works by Marcel Breuer, Eero Saarinen, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Im Pei and Ricardo Legorreta. Van der Rohe's building in Chicago received an honorable mention from the National Building Museum in 1990.

IBM was recognized as one of the 20 Best Workplaces for Travelers by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2005, which recognized Fortune 500 companies that help employees reduce traffic and air pollution. In 2004, concerns were raised about contamination that had contributed to IBM's early days at its original location in Endicott, New York.